BAGHDAD: The International Labor Organization (ILO) has emphasized the necessity of a social security law to effectively regulate jobs in crucial sectors such as agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and services in Iraq. The organization underscored the importance of deploying a national awareness campaign to establish a strong and comprehensive social security system, which is envisioned as a cornerstone for a just and prosperous future for all Iraqis.

According to National Iraqi News Agency, Igor Bosk, Director of Social Protection at the ILO, stated during the launch of the national campaign aimed at raising awareness of the Social Security Law, that social security should be seen as a transformative tool rather than merely a safety net. He elaborated that it empowers workers to actively contribute to their well-being, enhancing dignity and economic participation. Bosk highlighted the role of a robust social security system in promoting formal employment and its significance for Iraq’s long-term grow
th and stability.

Bosk further acknowledged the historic step taken by the Iraqi Parliament in enacting Law No. 18 on Retirement and Social Security, aligning with the Social Security Convention No. 102, which Iraq has ratified. He emphasized the need for similar legislative actions in the Kurdistan Region and reiterated ILO’s readiness to support these efforts. The new law aims to improve social security benefits in the private sector, thus narrowing the benefits gap between public and private sector workers.

Despite these advancements, significant challenges persist, with only about 6% of private sector employees currently covered by social security compared to 16% in the Kurdistan Region. Bosk noted that expanding coverage, particularly within the informal economy, remains a major challenge, as revealed by the 2021 Labour Force Survey indicating that two-thirds of Iraqi workers are engaged in informal jobs.

Bosk also pointed out structural issues that discourage the registration for social security amon
g the working poor, who fear losing essential social benefits or facing heavy taxation. The reliance on the informal economy, coupled with weak unions and labor inspections, exacerbates these challenges, necessitating bold reforms and sustained commitment from the authorities.

One year post-enactment of the new pension and social security law, Bosk stressed the need for clear registration instructions and streamlined administrative processes to enhance the accessibility and transparency of social security benefits. Implementing digital systems and ensuring optimal management of funds are crucial for building trust and ensuring the system’s sustainability for future generations.

Bosk concluded by highlighting the plight of many older Iraqis, particularly women, who lack adequate social security coverage due to non-participation in the formal labor market. He called for the design of a social pension tailored to meet their needs, as a vital step towards comprehensive protection for all Iraqis, irrespective of
their previous employment status.